`` Xenophon s Goals Are Self Advertisedly Circumscribed

Introduction - â€Å"Xenophon’s goals are self-advertisedly circumscribed. His aim is not to give a full account of Socrates’ trial or even a version of his entire speech of defense. ***Xenophon’s general intent was to defend Socrates by portraying him as encouraging young men to become like Xenophon himself - free from subjection to their own desires or the authority of an employer, mentally and physically self-disciplined, willing to follow their own good sense where applicable and oracles and divinations elsewhere ***Unlike Plato’s Socrates, who prefers to ask questions rather than answering them, Xenophon’s Socrates is full of practical - and somewhat conservative - advice† DIFFERENT: â€Å"I’ve known all along that I’ve lived my entire life†¦show more content†¦The man is so corrupt that he seems not to realize that, of the two of us, the real victor is the one who has achieved what is more beneficial and noble for all time† (184.29-30) â€Å"Socrates, by singing his own praises in court, then, brought the resentment of the jurors down upon himself and forced them to condemn him all the more† (184.32) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Plato, to all appearance, was the inventor of the Socratic dialogue as a literary form Socrates has a sound and exacting standard of what real knowledge should be, and therefore knows how far short he and all the rest of them come to reaching that standard Socrates the eager rationalist Socrates derived the lifelong sense of the importance of implicit obedience to lawful authority and the reverence for strict constitutionality which led him later in life to oppose violation of the constitution at great personal risk Philosophy and science, as yet undiscriminated from one another, had been the creation of the intellectual curiosity of the Greeks, who sets themselves to construct a rational and coherent theory of the world around them

The Expansion Of The United States - 840 Words

Similar to the oppressive structure of the United States, which favors residents of a higher socioeconomic status, and favors the dominant culture while oppressing minorities (primarily poor blacks and Hispanics), Jerusalem’s structure is oppressive to Palestinians. Yes, Jerusalem’s growth politics are concerned (partially) with economics, but the driving force here is maintaining and expanding Jewish control through claim of space, and by oppressing Palestinians through displacement. When building projects take place in Jerusalem, no matter the scale, there are almost always ulterior motives, and the construction projects make local (and often national) news. The expansion of Jerusalem is driven by a desire to expand the Jewish state. Because Palestinians are the oppressed minority, the powerful controlling Jewish growth forces have been very successful in expanding the Jewish state as they desire, with claims made to territory ownership simply because it is occupied ( e.g. by a building simply being built on land). Because ownership is claimed once Jewish structures and residents occupy a place, growth expansions and building projects are ultimately land grabs. According to Shlay and Rosen, there seems to be a general consensus on the worldview of settlement development in Jerusalem; the world generally regards the Jewish acquisition of land unjust and illegal. The United States has a growth machine with dichotomous conflict between use values versus exchange values.Show MoreRelatedThe Expansion Of The United States1638 Words   |  7 Pagesinvolve colonizing land, buying it, or even going to war over it. The Unites States started off in 1607 when Englishmen colonized and founded Jamestown, Virginia while the Indian people lived in the land . In 1803 President Jefferson acted beyond the constitution and made the Louisiana Purchase which doubled the United States in size, because he did not want the French people in North America . The expansion of the United States continued throughout the years . In 1846 war started with Mexico, since MexicoRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1075 Words   |  5 PagesThe belief of the Manifest Destiny, that caused the westward expansion and led to many wars between all different types of people and the different countries that used the land. The expansion allowed for the lifespan to increase, the economy blossomed, and the main goal was accomplished which was getting occupation of America from ocean coast to ocean coast. In the early 1800s the United States started their goal of the westward expansion. The idea of Manifest Destiny helped Americans to advance theirRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1200 Words   |  5 Pages The progress of expansion in the United States is one filled with complicated, complex, and irrational decisions. Geographically, North America changed dramatically by having the landmass grow, through discovery, by at least doubling what it was before. The European discovery of North America, the Mississippian shatter zone, Louisiana Purchase, and the Mexican-American war are all historical events that changed the path and future of America dramatically, through the making of controversial decisionsRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1761 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States expanded territorially in many different ways. One of the main ways was war, also purchasing land or just taking land, as they did to the Indians. There were many points of view on expanding te rritorially and many reasons why or why not the United States should expand. The ideas of manifest destiny, imperialism, social darwinism, and the fear that if the United States didn’t join in and try to acquire land then there would be no land left for them. They would be inferior to otherRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1078 Words   |  5 Pages The expansion of the United States into the territory west of the Mississippi River began with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Thomas Jefferson doubled the size of the nation with a great deal of $15 million from France. While, American development was influenced by westward expansion, the purchasing of more land created controversy. Many disagreed with the idea of expanding and taking over land because Indians who already occupied the land wasn’t included in the agreement that was made and theRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreExpansion Of The United States1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is a flawless name for the country. It is afterward all countless states united. But to have states you have to have earth for those states. Before those stats come to be earth they have to be a frontier, or as described by Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"A span that forms the margin of stayed or industrialized territory.† American past has been in a colossal degree Tethe past of the settlement of the Outstanding West. Expansion of the United States can be drew from the earlyRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States Essay1918 Words   |  8 PagesThe United States in 1973 had spent the past two decades in the largest economic boom of world history. The rapid growth of industry and expansion of the automobile industry that characterized this time period led the U.S. to comprise a staggering 30% of the world’s total energy consumption, the chief source of which was oil. However, the U.S. only contained 6% of the world’s known oil reserves, so there was no way it could meet it’s own demands through domestic production alone. This created a hugeRead MoreThe Expansion Of The United States1246 Words   |  5 PagesFor states all through the nation in the not so distant future, there s a typical topic: an atmosphere of instability coupled with a feeling of veritable open door. In the midst of stresses over the national government s disappointment to help financing for framework, n umerous states are making moves to create that subsidizing all alone. Congress appears to have stalled—once more in its endeavors to change the movement framework, however states are sanctioning bills intended to give new rightsRead MoreThe Westward Expansion Of The United States960 Words   |  4 PagesThe Westward expansion began for the United States with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. For $15 million dollars, President Thomas Jefferson purchased from France 828,000 square miles, including most of 14 current states, thus doubling the size of America. Jefferson now had the land, but how to populate it was another story. On a three year expedition, Lewis and Clark were sent by Jefferson to explore the lands to get a better understanding of the geography and resources of the West. During the 1830s

Half the Sky Documentary Evaluation Free Essays

Half the Sky is a movie that discusses the oppression of women around the world. It brings to light the issues that, even in today’s society, are still occurring. Women, young adults, and children everywhere in the world are becoming victims to abuse, rape, and being deprived of getting an education. We will write a custom essay sample on Half the Sky Documentary Evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now This film documents Nikolas Kristof going around the world with the help of well known people in America to show some of the issues and some organizations that are working to change the way society views women and children. Early in the documentary a shocking statistic was given. It stated that around 60 million to 100 million females are currently missing out of the population. Where are all of these women going, and how are we letting this happen in today’s societies? Females all around the world are becoming victims of genital mutilation, sex trafficking, rape, and abuse. Half the Sky is shedding light into some of the cultures around the world where this is a norm, and is trying to promote awareness. It discusses the reasons why these events are still taking place in current cultures, and what we can do about it to change the way people respond to these events. Some of the issues addressed in the movie Half the Sky are talking about women being oppressed in current societies. Women are constantly being put through human trafficking, violence, are being undereducated, and catching a ton of diseases from being raped. The people in this movie are trying to look at the issues of women not being treating equally and having the same rights as men in the 21st century. One of the main reasons this is happening is because men are never even caught, and when they are most of the time are shown no consequences. Another issue that first brought these issues in countries to light was that in China many females have gone missing due to the fact that it is more accepted to have a male born into your family, not a female. Children, primarily females, are being sold at shockingly young ages to brothels and are forced to be sex slaves. In so many countries it has become a norm for men to abuse women and use them as sex slaves. There are a few reasons there has been little progress made in changing the ways some cultures view women. One reason there has been no progress is because of the lack of punishment towards those causing the abuse. An example of this from Half the Sky is when they went into Sierra-Leone. There was a case where a teenage girl told her parents about her being raped by a relative, and they decided to press charges. After the man was captured, arrested, and placed in jail the family then became almost shunned by the community. After all this occurred the father in the family kicked the wife and child out. They said it was because the child had caused â€Å"shame† upon the family. Then the child forgave the man who had raped her, and many others, and he was released free; thus, causing the cycle to begin all over again. There is a huge lack of police forces investigating crimes, and men actually having consequences to their actions. A hard problem to solve is how we can fix these problems and change the way so many people feel about women. It’s a slow and grueling process, but eventually if everybody does there part we can make a difference and create equality for all women. In every culture there’s at least one organization out there trying to change the way women and children are treated in their society. The greatest challenge is when you have outsiders coming into a community to talk about these issues. Many people within a culture are not going to listen to an outsider, so we really need people within the communities to help change the way that society views the way their females are treated. We need people within the culture to empower others in that society to speak up and gain more followers. Secondly, we need to train societies to prosecute and investigate these crimes more thoroughly. If these countries don’t have a strong justice system no changes can be made when those committing the crime don’t see it as a crime. Thirdly, we need to educate children. Girls are likely to drop out of school at an age of fourteen or before to work for their family, whereas boys are likely to drop out at sixteen. Building an educated generation will help because then they can get a career and will not be caught in poverty like so many generations before them. Lastly, we need to bring all of these issues to light in countries that can help. We need more Americans to become aware of these issues, and reach out to help make them better. Nikolas Kristof said in Half the Sky, † Once people pay attention, that’s the first step towards a solution. † All of this relates to sociology in many ways. One of the main ways it relates is because you see how something so looked down upon in one culture can be so socially acceptable in another culture. When somebody is accused and prosecuted for rape in America they are put in jail for a long time, and receive consequences for their actions. If you go to say Sierra-Leone, or Cambodia the person accused of rape will almost 100% of the time walk away with no consequences. It’s all a matter of perspective and your culture you live in. Everybody needs to learn to be more culturally aware, and learn to help other cultures that aren’t quite were we think they should be. Sociology is also related to Half the Sky because of the idea that it chases after women and children alone being oppressed. All in all, societies are all different in one way or another. Sociology helps us to understand the reasons people may act one way opposed to another, and how we can all work together to make a difference. How to cite Half the Sky Documentary Evaluation, Papers

Harnessing Demographic Differences In Organizations †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Harnessing Demographic Differences In Organizations. Answer: Introduction The following is the discussion of the article namely Harnessing demographic differences in Organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity? The focus of this article is to analyze the given article and compare the inner differences of the managing the diversity. The growth of the people in an organization is dependent upon the diversity factor.. The other two of the selected article is in the same context (Martn-Alczar et al. 2012). The other article namely Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges is also an article talking about the barriers and challenges in the expectations of employees about the diversity in workforce and how does it affects the human resource practices and financial performance (Onsongo and Maina, 2013). This also emphasizes on the study of diversity results in IT employees of any organization and the performance of the organization. The third article, which I have analyzed for the assignment is based on the managing tactics on diver sity in a workplace, where equality is an issue that can influences the performance appraisals and socio-cultural issues (Rivas 2012). The assignment framework is divided in the three points that are brief summary, analysis and comparison among the article. The discussion about my understanding about the organizational behavior is also summarized at the end of the text. Articles summary Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior This article hovers over many strategic and operational aspects of organisations. The first and the foremost variable that influences the organisational diversity is the strategically clarify the relation between the diversity and demography . Then the unit design that moderate the work force diversity affects. Then the inter-departmental function like human resource and how it contributes to the social integration of people in the organisation and its connection to diversity related demography (Guillaume 2017). The major variable that affects the diversity are the leadership and relation to demography of the group diversity. The culture and individual differences of the diversity is also discussed in the article. The discussion and scope of future research in the diversity is also given of the article (Patrick and Kumar, 2012). The article also shows the path of future research in this field of analysing the relation between demographical variables and organisational diversity. The significance of this research is about the corrective practises that need to be taken in the administration for further development in multiplicity (Martn-Alczar 2012). We found that people who are demographically dissimilar experience greater uncertainty about how to interact with dissimilar. The article takes the above-mentioned variable and them analyses their affect in diversity and relational to the demography. According to the findings of the moderators, diversity affects the social integration performance and the well-being of the identified variables (Madera 2013). They are in the range of positivity to negativity regarding the organisations effectively. Further, the article also focuses on the categorisation elaboration model, which clearly depicts the diversity convergence in social integration in the organisation. Work group diversity and organisational diversity is correlated and affects the interrelation (Chattopadhyay, George and Ng 2016). A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management According to another identified article, the approach to diversity is dependent upon three factor performance appraisals, socio-cultural and affirmative action. The performance appraisals is also consist of three factors multiple criteria, raters and review, whereas the religion, societal attitudes paternalistic leadership are the contributing factors to this approach (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson 2016). Affirmative action is a variable that gets affected by managers attitude and decentralised units and goals of the particular organisation. Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential.Journal of Applied Psychology Another related article is discussing about the demographic profile of the 300 employees work diversity intensity, which addresses the performance of the employees. The better financial performance of the industry depends upon the inclusivity and workplace discrimination level. It also takes into account the awareness level of the employees. They have also considered the strategies to adopt workplace diversity in an organisation. The variables that consist of the employees profile are that affects the diversity are gender, age, educational qualification, type of company, employee strength and their approach and attitude towards diversity. The strategies to increase the inclusiveness of the diversity are learning and accepting overseas assignments (Madera 2013). Offering language trainings and making them understand the benefits of the diversity inclusiveness also comes under in the path to making strategical difference in workplace culture. Article analysis The article is full of bibliographic citations and reviews from previous studies done on the topic. The citations and references are from a verified source, therefore, the information are evidence that can be used for future use (Guillaume et al. 2017). In addition it can be built as a foundation for future study as the article also clarifies and directs the variables to use as data for the foundation of further study in the field. The clear and good reviews given in the article are proof of good base of work too. The author of this article. The balanced analysis and the range positivity and negativity given about the different observation of six variables (strategy, unit design, human resource practises, leadership, climate and culture and individual differences (Guillaume et al. 2017) gives a clear understanding of the main focus of the research. The article mainly focuses on the diversity culture of any organisation (Mills 2012). The article is extensively based on the research of the moderating effect of growth-ridden variables of different constraints in diversity. The managerial implications of the study are helpful in building strategy for internal organisation diversity rules. This will be helpful for the managers to create the standard procedures to improve the work culture in their organisations. Though there are some holes as the interpretation of the analysis is more qualitative rather than giving the quantitative data about the research. Though the research shows the clear scope for future research, one main area that has been missed was in the area of defining the audience or whom it will be useful to (Sciascia et al. 2013). The article, which talks about the challenges and issues of managing workplace diversity, is also a verified article and cited by many scholars in the field. The article also explores on the diversity of the workplace culture and explores on the variables that consist of real factors under diversity like the gender, race, age, employee strength, attitude towards diversity and educational qualification of the employees that affects the diversity (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson 2016). The article also gives the rationale to the study that has been done on the demography of the 300 IT employees and is successful in defining the audience of the article and who it may be useful too. Another article is a literature review of studies done previously in the field. This certainly have some gaps in the method of structuring the article. There are less verified citations about the article and less discussion about the core topic given in the heading. The article only identifies the variables but does not give any clue of research done on that variable. Lesser quantitative data gathered on the three main and subordinate variables clarified after them (Hoever et al. 2012). The objective of this article was to analyse the three factors(affirmative action taken by management towards diversity, cultural issues related to the core point, performance appraisals and organisational capabilities of managing equality) of managing diversity in workplace (Hoever et al. 2012)).The article is all too generally discussed about the issues. However, the credential s of the articles author is viable and the authors public interest statement is also included in the article, which is of c ourse an evidence in the subject matter (Sharma 2016). Article comparison Similarities The CEM model is a comprehensive framework of factors that uses the workplace diversity to frame the contingency in work. Throughout the article there are some similarities in approach in explaining the variables with respect to the identified key variables that affects and moderates the approach to diversity (Varaprabhakar and Ramana 2013). Another article about the managing outcomes diversity issues and challenges and the third one is similar in defining the two factors of diversity, which are socio cultural background, and affirmative action of employees. The three of the articles focus is to analyse the corporate culture to increase diversity. Another part is to suggest the pattern of managing the diversity that can be beneficial in strategically leads to growth. Differences The key difference among the article is in the approach. In addition to the structural difference, the approach to study the variable is different. The main article is about what are the factors that reduce the overall organisational growth (Mills 2012). The strategy, individual difference, leaders and other factors that affects the workplace diversity, whereas the other two articles enhances the study of background variables like gender, race, socio-cultural background attitude towards diversity and other effects (Sciascia et al. 2013). Discussion and recommendation With respect to personality traits, the nature of diversity changes which comes under the individual differences. The corporate culture is certainly affects the diversity culture. Organisational diversity can lead to strategical growth of the organisation, based on the human resource practises they go through and the managerial competence (Lauring and Selmer 2012). The factors that come under diversity affect the standard procedures and practises. The human resource management is quit responsible for this kind of challenges and issues (Varaprabhakar and Ramana 2013). The creativity culture, which leads to innovation are also, stimulates the diversity. Therefore, relational demography barriers hamper the intergroup activities and hence the performance of the teams. In a workplace the place that gets affected by the diversity culture are cooperation among the work, judging the effectiveness of communication in the interdepartmental activities, showing kindness and respect in matter of interaction, decision making purpose and managing teams (Lauring and Selmer 2012). The crucial part of the cultural diversity and recognition of values of each other (Raphan and Friedman 2014). This can be done in incorporating the diversity related workforce culture in restructuring standard procedures and practises. Diversity and inclusion must be a priority for a company to lessen its market risks in this volatile competitive industry (Madera 2013). The internal potential can be harnessed by the undifferentiated complexity of the environment. The internal culture at least is in the hands of HR managers that can rectify the standard structural policies. This can be also done by the restructurising the culture by inclusion of different non-biased policies. To facilitate the diversity and inclusion disposal of diverse skill sets can develop the skill force, which can lead to organisational development (Onsongo and Maina, 2013). The difference personality is a result of diversity its elf. Therefore, learning and gauging the different personality and sponsoring global inclusive and progressive environment are essential for a company to grow in this competitive environment. A better leadership can manage to do that. Diversity is also a key in perspective taking, which is helpful in drawing conclusion of the workforce culture in the organisation (Raphan and Friedman 2014). References Guillaume, Y.R., Dawson, J.F., Otaye?Ebede, L., Woods, S.A. and West, M.A., 2017. Harnessing demographic differences in organizations: What moderates the effects of workplace diversity?.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(2), pp.276-303. Hoever, I.J., Van Knippenberg, D., Van Ginkel, W.P. and Barkema, H.G., 2012. Fostering team creativity: perspective taking as key to unlocking diversity's potential.Journal of Applied Psychology,97(5), p.982. Schnackenberg, A.K. and Tomlinson, E.C., 2016. Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), pp.1784-1810. Other citations Chattopadhyay, P., George, E. and Ng, C.K., 2016. Hearts and minds: Integrating regulatory focus and relational demography to explain responses to dissimilarity.Organizational Psychology Review,6(2), pp.119-144. Lauring, J. and Selmer, J., 2012. International language management and diversity climate in multicultural organizations.International Business Review,21(2), pp.156-166. Madera, J.M., 2013. Best practices in diversity management in customer service organizations: an investigation of top companies cited by Diversity Inc.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,54(2), pp.124-135. Martn-Alczar, F., Romero-Fernndez, P.M. and Snchez-Gardey, G., 2012. Transforming human resource management systems to cope with diversity.Journal of Business Ethics,107(4), pp.511-531. Mills, L.S., 2012.Conservation of wildlife populations: demography, genetics, and management. John Wiley Sons. Onsongo, E.N. and Maina, Z.R., 2013. Employee Attitudes towards Organizational Diversity on Business Performance; Perspectives from the Small and Medium Enterprises Employees in Kisii Town.Review of Contemporary Business Research,2(1), pp.30-40. Patrick, H.A. and Kumar, V.R., 2012. Managing workplace diversity: Issues and challenges.Sage Open,2(2), p.2158244012444615. Raphan, M. and Friedman, H.H., 2014. Tools for organizational survival in the Internet age: Adaptivity, creativity, and diversification. Rivas, J.L., 2012. Diversity internationalization: The case of boards and TMT's.International Business Review,21(1), pp.1-12. Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P. and Chirico, F., 2013. Generational involvement in the top management team of family firms: Exploring nonlinear effects on entrepreneurial orientation.Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,37(1), pp.69-85. Sharma, A., 2016. Managing diversity and equality in the workplace.Cogent Business Management,3(1), p.1212682. Varaprabhakar, P.V. and Ramana, M.T.V., 2013. Collision of Ethnicity on Trade and Industry Advance in India.Development,25, p.26th.

The Problem of Pesticide Contamination in US

DBQ - Alien and Sedition Acts essays

DBQ - Alien and Sedition Acts essays The debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 revealed bitter controversies on a number of issues. Discuss the issues involved and explain why these controversies developed. The Alien and Sedition acts of 1798 were a consequence of many troubles the United States was having at the time. Just emerging into the world under President George Washington, their foreign policy was not enough to support themselves yet. The United States needed to make sure that there would be no foreign threat to them and to do so, they made a strict isolationist policy that was almost broken by the French call for aid during the French Revolution and later by the French reprisal for not answering their demands. The United States pulled through but with difficulty and in order to make sure that they stayed isolated from the rest of the world, they had to make sure that no immigrants would become powerful enough to change their views and go into politics and that the media would not interfere with government affairs by slandering them and writing anything against the government. This brought about the Alien and Sedition Acts which were criticized from the moment they were passed in the summer of 1798 to the moment they were removed. Washingtons first term as president happened to fall at the same time as the French Revolution. As a consequence Washingtons 8 years in office and his successor, John Adams had to decide whether their foreign policy should be pro French, anti French, or non involvement. Most Americans saw the French as helping them in the American Revolution, so they only saw it fit that America would then help them during their revolution. It was also easy to aid the French because they were fighting a Republican revolution and that seemed to help the US ideals. Unfortunately, the US and the French monarchy had an alliance, not the US and the French people so helping the French people was breaking the ...

The Problem of Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Problem of Evil - Essay Example However, this world is filled with things beyond evil and people do feel pain and suffering, which contradicts the claims of orthodox theist that God is perfectly good. This conflict is called problem of evil. Is God willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then is He impotent. Is He able, but not willing? Then is He malevolent. Is He both able and willing? Whence then is evil? (Hume) In an attempt to unravel the complexities of this predicament, few queries must be made. Evil goes beyond what we do not want other people to do to us. According to Hick, there are two classifications of evil. First, the moral evil which includes those acts an individual or group may be responsible of such as the seven deadly sins and more. Second type is the natural evil. Pain and suffering brought by natural calamities which people has no control over. Although the line which separates the two is still blurry, since some natural evil are consequences of human actions or lack of action. Nevertheless, we cannot deny the fact that there are things beyond our control ----- accidents and natural disasters. Evil is often associated with suffering which highlights an individual’s sense of pain or loss that focuses on a particular kind of evil: one which is considered as a consequence of an act rather than a more abstract concept. Thus arise another confusion which is the existence of hell ----- a place where God put those who have failed Him to rot and suffer; because this very notion contradicts the idea of a loving God. Augustinian theodicy argues that God is wholly good, thus He’s not responsible for the existence of evil in the world. It claims that evil is not the opposite; rather it is the absence of good. According to this theodicy, evil happens as a result of people’s misuse of their free will, therefore exonerating God and putting the blame of all evil and suffering to people who abuse their free will. This particular claim of Augustinian theodicy makes the subject more baffling, for it puts all the blame to the ‘finitely perfect’ being, that is us humans, who fails to choose perfection, hence shifting the blame back to the Creator. Moreover, the term ‘privation’ is inadequate justification for the apparent effects of evil in its truest sense. Then comes the knowledge of evolution ---- a process by which humans, being the most complex creatures, learn to adapt and grow in accordance with its environment. This is the claim of Irenaean theodicy which is restated by John Hick on his Soul-making theodicy. Hick defines soul-making as the existence of evil and suffering which allows flawed creatures to outgrow their imperfections and develop to a more perfect state. It emphasizes on the development by practicing free will, people are able to overcome temptations and suffering hence bringing them closer to perfection and to God. Unlike that of the Augustinians which give much stress on the negativity of the existence of evil, Irenaean theodicy puts God in an epistemic distance from us. It explains that this distance is meant for us to learn to love God on our own free-will by prevailing over all the difficulties He places on our path as we journey through life. Evil is created by God to hone the inner values we have, for some ideals need to go through some difficulties to develop like that of courage and forgiveness amidst suffering. This theodicy believes that individuals evolve towards a higher state by

Essay questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 13

Questions - Essay Example The executive branch is conferred â€Å"with exemptions and qualifications† in the President of the United States; he also has the power to veto laws (Davis 1). The president is not obliged to enforce the law; instead, the president’s minions should perform these duties. Lastly, the judicial branch of the government has the authority to decide over cases and disputes. This power is conferred to the Supreme Court and lower courts as recognized by the Congress. Each branch of the United States national government possesses powers that it can utilize to check and balance the functions and activities of the other two branches. Declaring George Washington’s greatest achievement would always be subjective and indefinite in nature; but, in all probability, he desisted from taking more power than what was appropriate (Wood 105). After his resignation as the Commander-in-Chief of the continental Army, the people wanted him to become the King of the newly-formed nation; nevertheless, he refused to accept this fate, and instead, he wanted to have a democratic and free country. He was thorough of upholding a good standing by precluding political conspiracy. He showed no attention and notice over partiality and cronyism. Perhaps his greatest failure was when he approved the passing of The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, which provided slaveholders the right to regain their property; also, to help a runaway slave is a grave crime, which eventually permitted the proliferation of slave chasers within the United States’ territories. This is a rather subtle move to sustain slavery, which is contradictory to his desire to create a democratic and free country. On the whole, Washington’s administration led the successful emancipation of the slaves, which although hampered in his initial decision to implement The Fugitive Slave Act of 1793, eventually

Consider the costs and benefits to a company of gathering, reporting, Term Paper

Consider the costs and benefits to a company of gathering, reporting, and disclosing non financial information ( Balanced Scorecard, Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting, Sustainability Reporting - Term Paper Example ment of any form of information is often a costly process that requires the installation of effective information system in order to enhance the collection, processing and presentation of the information systematically. Despite the cost implication of the entire process, effective management of such information enhances the profitability of an organization since it enhances the operations of the organization. Such non-financial information often include marketing information, social responsibility reporting and balanced score card reporting among many others. Such are vital information that enhances the operations of the organization. Such activities are major projects undertaken by the company with the view to enhancing its profitability. Marketing for example is a fundamental function of the management whose primary mandate is to enhance the profitability of the organization (Burrow and Jim 44). The same is the case with social responsibility which is often a method of advertising products strategically thus improving the reputation of the company in a particular market. Collection of the information about such processes is vital since they contribute to the management of the resources of the organization. Effective management of the non-financial information enhances the operations of the organization. Such information portrays the amount of resources allocated to such undertaking and the returns the organization obtains from the projects. As explained earlier, non-financial information, include information on some of the most sensitive undertakings in the company. Such information requires effective collection, processing, filing and dissemination for future references. This implies that such systematic management of the information enhances the accountability desired by the management in the organization. The information facilitates investigation and auditing of the activities of the company a fundamental feature that contributes to the efficiency of the

The World Phone Hacking Scandal Media Essay

The World Phone Hacking Scandal Media Essay The phone hacking scandal and the subsequent public inquiries exposed how journalists from News of the World (NoW) had been employing illegal reporting techniques to gather information for news with no regards to journalism ethics. The implications of the scandal and the inquiries on public relations and media relations is more on the ethical part. Similar to the media industry, ethical behavior is also important in the public relations profession that includes media relations. Public relations can be explained as the ethical and strategic management of communications and relationships to build and develop coalitions and policy, identify and manage issues and to create and direct messages to achieve sound outcomes within a responsible framework with media relations being more specific. Media relations is a part of public relations that deals mostly with the relationships of an organization with the media. Media relations also determine how the organization gets its messages across to the target audience. Media relations what message the organization wants to send, who to send it to, where to send it and when to send it and if possible without paying directly for it through advertising. In most countries, public relations practiotioners are members of professional public relations institutes and/or associations such as the Chartered Institute of Public Relations (CIPR) of the United Kingdom, the Public Relations Institute of Australia (PRIA), the Institute of Public Relations Malaysia (IPRM) and the International Public Relations Association (IPRA). These institues and/or associations all have established a set of code of ethics which not only provide an ethical framework for the activities of the profession but is also central in maintaining the professional standards in the public relations profession. Membership of these institutes are given after the applicants pass the assestment tests and members of these public relations institutes are required to follow the set of code of ethics. Members who have breached the code of ethics can be reported to the institues and they will be investigated and pinalized. In the wake of the NoW phone hacking scandal, there are concerns in the United Kingdom (UK) about ethics and privacy arising especially from the flow of information between the government and the press. According to the report from Elizabeth Filkins inquiry, the main concern being improper disclosure of information to the media. The government and the media interacts with each other on many levels. These unregulated interactions causes information to flow outside of the government causing problems. Improper disclosure can be broken down into a few kinds. They are improper disclosure for personal advantage, improper disclosure for trading and improper disclosure cause of bribery or financial rewards. Improper disclosure for personal advantage is where civil servants deliberately leak information for various kinds of improper personal benefits such as a sense of power and control, professional advantage during employment with the government or to gain future employment elsewere by providing exclusive information. According to a statement by Kit Malthouse who is a British assembly member, there is an odd kind of fascination with knowing its them that put the information on the newspapers, this knowledge gives them a sense of power. Trading is another kind of improper disclosure of information where inappropriate information is given to the media in order to dilute or prevent the publication of other information which might be damaging to some civil servants or those with senior positions in the government. Although there are proper and ethical negotiations with the media to prevent the publishing of information which might obstruct an ongoing investigation, cause harm to members of the public or civil servants or to ensure accuracy in reporting but these negotiations often have to include unethical placing of materials or offering of exclusive information to the media in return to bury the harmful information. Quoting Nick Davies, a freelance journalist, you get the Press Officer who says, well, if I give Reporter A a particular story exclusively, then next week Reporter A will do me a favour. These kinds of behaviours conflict between what the public needs and what the Press Officer wants causing information t hat are not supposed to be known to the media to be leaked out. Bribery and financial rewards is the most common and prevalent cause of information leak. From her questioning, Filkin found out that NoW journalists have been paying civil servants especially the Metropolitan Police Service for information. The demand for exclusive government information is high especially information on police work. Police information is a commodity that is very valuable to journalists and much of it is of interest and enjoyment of the public. This demand coupled with no proper guidelines in place in regards to what is acceptable in dealing with the media leads to the unstoppable and untracable leakage of information to the media. Disaffected staffs is also another cause for improper information disclosure. Staffs that are disaffected or in dispute with the organization can become a source of improper and damaging disclosures to the media. Quoting from Filkins report, a Thomas Lund-Lack has leaked a highly confidential Counter Terrorism report to the Sunday Times. Lund-Lack has served with the British police force ethically for 34 years before being given a role in the Special Branch as a member of police staff. When integorated Lund-Lack cited that the reasons leaking the information as being annoyed by his workplace, and becoming more and more angry about the ineffectiveness of the Counter Terrorism Command. He felt that what he has done was legally wrong but was morally justified in bringing his concerns into the publics attention. Another main concern of the flow of information between the government and the press lies in the relationships the government have with the press. It is known that the government has not given equal access to all parts of the media for a number of years and that relationships between press members have been developed selectively. Journalists develop close relationships with senior government members because if you are nice to them chances are you are going to get more stories than youre not. This often leads to private news briefings during drinking sessions in clubs. This has lead to a culture where media contacts are close aquaintaces and their hospitality is a norm. It is also not uncommon for civil servants to have friends or family members working with the media. There friends and family members that when they acquired some exculsive information, they pass the information on to the media. With regards to the concerns expressed in the UK about the flow of information between the government and the press in the light of the ongoing News Limited controversy, practice and ethics of media relations are being questioned due to the similar nature of the public relations industry with the media industry. As a part of public relations, media relations is also bound to the code of ethics of the public relations profession. There is a set of common ethical practice that is generally adopted and followed by media relations practitioners in dealing with information. Before using any information, media relations practitioners must first make sure that whether the information acquired is confidential. If the information is not confidential then the practitioner can proceed with the information. If confidential information is given on the record then the practitioner is also allowed to used the information. However if the confidential information is obtained off the records, the practitioner is discouraged from using the information based on the ethical obligations of the public relations profession. Media relations practitioners are required to exercise caution when talking and/or writing about a person or an organization. This is not only to maintain the accuracy of the subject but also to avoid inadvertently defaming someone or an organization. Practitioners are also required to not dissiminate false and misleading information and/or claims. Media relations pratitioners must obtain permission for any materials that they use to acknowledge the owners of the materials and to avoid copyright infringement. Practitioners are also required to get permission to use personal information and/or images in public. Practitioners must also immediately correct any errors that occur in the course of carrying out their duty such as media using the material you provided wrongly. Ethics is a standard of conduct that indicate how one should behave based on moral duties and virtues. Who determines these ethical obigations? Ethical obligations are determined not only by a persons own values but it is also influenced by the organization a person is working with and the client the person is dealing with. Each organization has its own set of ethics that it enforces and every client has a different ethics expectation. When faced with ethical problems, the practitioner is encouraged to discuss with the employer and/or the client to reach an agreeable ethics standpoint. Ethical obligations are also determined by the industry a person is working in such as the code of ethics of the public relations industry. The code of ethics is to safeguard the credibility and legitimacy of the profession. Another factor that influences ethical obligations is the society. An ethical media relations practitioner should alwaysput the public interests before his/her owns or the clients. Besides code of conducts, public relations and media relations practitioners also acknowledge the existence of a set of universal values and embracing them in carrying out their duties to uphold the standards of practice and professional conduct on the part of public relations practitioners. The set universal values are: honesty, integrity, fidelity, fairness, transparency, accountability, confidentiality, and accuracy and most if not all of them can be found in the code of ethics of the many public relations institutions. The ethics pyramid is a structural approach to checking ethics by Tilley. It is used to examine the ethicality of behaviours and actions. It is divided into four stages: ethical baseline, ethical intent, ethical means and ethical end. Media relations practitioners are encouraged to usethis pyramid to examinie ethics. The the first stage at the bottom part of the pyramid is the ethical baseline. This stage is where the media relations practitioner carries out research on the ethics and expectations of the stakeholders. The second stage is the ethical intent stage where the practitioner plans and choose ethical principles for virtues, rules and outcomes. This is also the stage where the practitioner create measurable objectives and discuss and agree the shared ethical objectives with the client. The third stage, ethical means is assessing the tactical objectives and choosing ethical tactics to employ and deciding the means to use to communicate with others. The final stage, the ethical ends is where the practitioner assess strategic ethics objectives for evaluation and check and report ethics outcomes.

Examination of Characters in Katherine Anne Porters Short Story He Ess

Examination of Characters in Katherine Anne Porter's Short Story He Katherine Anne Porter's moving and stylistically cohesive short story "He" contains much worth discussing. The story's characters are quite memorable and provide for interesting character studies; in addition, the plot and themes of the story are also noteworthy. The most elaborately detailed character is Mrs. Whipple. She is the dominating member of the Whipple family; despite her belief in "men's work" as opposed to women's, she seems to have a great deal of say in family decisions. Mrs. Whipple is extremely concerned with status and appearances -- indeed, overly so. This preoccupation of hers is prominent throughout the story, from beginning to end. She is concerned, first of all, with making sure that no one else is aware of her family's poverty. She mentions, when things are going particularly bad for the Whipple, that "[The neighbors]'ll be calling us poor white trash next," and we know that would be tantamount to death for Mrs. Whipple. She is so concerned with keeping up appearances, in fact, that she goes against the advice of her husband and butchers a sucking pig when her brother, his "plump wife" and two "roaring hungry" boys come to visit. Although this will hurt them in the long run, Mrs. Whipple simply cannot bear to adm it the inadequacy of her family's income. Mrs. Whipple knows her family, especially her the long run, Mrs. Whipple simply cannot bear to admit the inadequacy of her family's income. Mrs. Whipple knows her family, especially her "simple-minded" son, is not like others, but she tries desperately to make them appear normal. Thus her other preoccupation lies in protecting her "simple-minded" son. We learn that Mrs. ... ...s moving and darkly humorous look at family dynamics. It certainly makes a clear statement against concern for appearances at all costs. It also explores the idea of "motherly love" and how good intentions can go bad. In the end, however, this story is just appearances at all costs. It also explores the idea of "motherly love" and how good intentions can go bad. In the end, however, this story is just depressing. We feel very sorry for -- and a little true sympathy for -- Mrs. Whipple and her family. Nevertheless, we cannot agree that it was "a mortal pity He was ever born," for we know that "she had loved Him as much as she possibly could"; in light of all her other concerns and preoccupations, however, it just wasn't enough. Work Cited Porter, Katherine Anne. "He." The Literature of the American South. Ed. William L. Andrews. New York: Norton. 1998.

Teacher Internship Paper

My Public Policy and Administration Program Internship took place at California Common Cause. I began as a volunteer in February of 2006, which quickly turned into an internship, followed by a fellowship. I have now been working at California Common Cause as its Northern California Organizer since January 2007. California Common Cause is a non-profit, non-partisan citizens’ lobby organization working to hold public officials and public institutions accountable to the people. California Common Cause’s current focuses include redistricting reform, public financing of elections, and media reform. Its budget is composed of membership donations and grant funding. It has offices in Sacramento and Los Angeles with six paid employees, including myself. California Common Cause is the state organization for the national Common Cause. While California Common Cause provides state support for national issues, it mainly focuses on the state and local level within California. I was very excited to have the opportunity to volunteer for California Common Cause and am thrilled that it has turned into a full time position. I have been a member for many years, during which I was always impressed by the organization’s work. I particularly like its emphasis on remaining non-partisan, working solely for the common good of all Californians. Due to the small number of employees and the diversity of the work, I was able to participate on a huge variety of projects, including redistricting reform efforts, researching state campaign contributions, summarizing state bills and drafting letters of support or opposition of bills, writing sample letters to the editor and political officials for CCC members, organizing public financing efforts in the San Jose region, writing CauseNets, our â€Å"Action Alerts†, and updating the website. Redistricting Reform One of California Common Cause’s main focuses is promoting redistricting reform. Currently, the State Legislature draws political districts for state and Congressional representatives. California Common Cause sees this as a clear conflict of interest. Politicians are basically picking and choosing whom to include in their own districts, allowing the m to draw districts that will be most beneficial to their reelection. As such, California Common Cause has been working with a coalition of various interest

Women of Crime and Punishment essays

Women of Crime and Punishment essays The women of Crime and Punishment share several common characteristics, that of self-sacrifice, suffering, and strong will. The three main female characters of Dostoevsky's masterpiece, Dounia, Sonia, and Katerina Ivanovna, all possess these attributes. We first hear of Dounia from the letter Raskolnikov receives in Book I: that she was involved in a scandal where she was falsely accused of having an affair. The suffering during that whole affair must have been intense. Her strong will prevails even in the face of total condemnation by the town, and her self-sacrificing capabilities extend even to marrying a pooch like Luzhin simply for money. Sonia, on the other hand, is equally strong willed and self-sacrificing, but is less bold about showing it. The fact that she could go into prostitution, something obviously against her very nature, to save her family is testament to both the power of her resolve and the willingness to suffer for a cause. She was equally willing to give up her life and follow Rodya to Siberia, showing again her traits of self-sacrifice. Katerina Ivanovna suffers horribly throughout the book. Afflicted with hideous disease, she ignores her own personal health in favor of washing the children's linen all night long, and gives up Sonia to prostitution, probably an even more horrible sacrifice than death. The fact that she could survive at all, let alone think about helping others, is a monumental testimony to her intense strength of character. Overall, these three women are tributes to strong will, martyrdom, and suffering. Dostoevsky knew the life of a woman was no picnic, and he couldn't have said it better. ...

Free Essays on America Expands

THE NEW WORLD IS SETTLED, 1492-1763 The history of the United States began with the discovery of North America by a European. On Oct. 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas. He was searching for an all-water route from Europe to the Far East. This chance finding of a large continent was one of the great events in the history of the world. Columbus made his discovery while sailing under the flag of Spain. Later, daring sea captains from several European countries sailed across the Atlantic to explore the New World. In 1497 John Cabot reached the coast of present-day Canada in an English ship. The Spanish adventurer Ponce de Leon landed on what is now Florida in 1513. In 1519 Ferdinand Magellan's ships left Spain. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean and then the Pacific. Three years later one of his ships returned to Spain after completely circling the world. Because of Magellan's travels, North America was now definitively known to be a separate continent between two large oceans. Rising Interest in the New World At this time Europeans were not very interested in the New World itself. They only wanted to find a water passage through it to the Far East. France sent out Jacques Cartier to find such a route in 1534. He explored along the St. Lawrence River. France then laid claim to part of North America. The first land journey far into the interior of the continent was made by Hernando de Soto. In 1539 he landed in Florida with about 600 Spanish soldiers. They worked their way north- and then westward. They discovered the Mississippi River near the site of what is now Memphis, Tenn., in 1541. The Spanish were interested in the New World. In 1565 Pedro Menendez de Aviles made a landing in Florida and began building a fortified city. He named it St. Augustine. This was the first permanent settlement in what is now the United States. Meanwhile from Mexico the Spanish pressed northward into the New Mexico region. In 15... Free Essays on America Expands Free Essays on America Expands THE NEW WORLD IS SETTLED, 1492-1763 The history of the United States began with the discovery of North America by a European. On Oct. 12, 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Americas. He was searching for an all-water route from Europe to the Far East. This chance finding of a large continent was one of the great events in the history of the world. Columbus made his discovery while sailing under the flag of Spain. Later, daring sea captains from several European countries sailed across the Atlantic to explore the New World. In 1497 John Cabot reached the coast of present-day Canada in an English ship. The Spanish adventurer Ponce de Leon landed on what is now Florida in 1513. In 1519 Ferdinand Magellan's ships left Spain. They crossed the Atlantic Ocean and then the Pacific. Three years later one of his ships returned to Spain after completely circling the world. Because of Magellan's travels, North America was now definitively known to be a separate continent between two large oceans. Rising Interest in the New World At this time Europeans were not very interested in the New World itself. They only wanted to find a water passage through it to the Far East. France sent out Jacques Cartier to find such a route in 1534. He explored along the St. Lawrence River. France then laid claim to part of North America. The first land journey far into the interior of the continent was made by Hernando de Soto. In 1539 he landed in Florida with about 600 Spanish soldiers. They worked their way north- and then westward. They discovered the Mississippi River near the site of what is now Memphis, Tenn., in 1541. The Spanish were interested in the New World. In 1565 Pedro Menendez de Aviles made a landing in Florida and began building a fortified city. He named it St. Augustine. This was the first permanent settlement in what is now the United States. Meanwhile from Mexico the Spanish pressed northward into the New Mexico region. In 15...

MGMT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 8

MGMT - Assignment Example It must be kept in mind that I am in a more inferior position to negotiate and I cannot use pressure nor coercion. Besides, rational persuasion manifests civility as well as thinking skills. The right way to do it is to approach the professor and present all my arguments why I should be given an extension for the paper. Personal source would be the most effective base because the influence over others, the source of which resides in the person instead of being vested by the position he or she holds. As mentioned, I have no authority or position so such power is required in effective persuasion. Perhaps, I can refer to my commitment as a student to finish the projects in this class. Showing my sincere interest to the professor may be able to influence his decision for an extension. At the same time, I can use exchange as tactic by promising that I would deliver a better quality of work if given enough time to accomplish this paper. n short, negotiating using softer tactics as well as positive influence would result to a better chance of being granted an

How Cura Personalis Relates to the Practice of Pharmacy Essay

How Cura Personalis Relates to the Practice of Pharmacy - Essay Example The researcher states that through reflection upon various incidences in his life and that of others, the author has experienced God's presence. For instance, the researcher once got out from a fatal accident alive, and that encounter made him realize that God still had more plans for the author. That experience will always give him the motivation to care for his patient deeply as brothers and sisters in Christ. Being Gods children created in His image and likeness, we have the potential to tap that power and implement it for the good of ourselves and others. The author will, therefore, always strive to commit himself to do and give the best he can for the greater good of every person at his service. For effective treatment recovery of all patients, personal care is essential. Ignatius values have taught me to care and show concern for the whole person without discrimination. The researcher will, therefore, respect human dignity always and treat everyone equally without considering r eligious affiliation believing that we are all children of God. The Cura Personalis will also help the author to treat his patients’ body, mind, and spirit, thus, treating the whole person because these three are connected. When dealing with patients, the researcher will not always view it as dealing with a condition or disease but rather be compassionate about their situation and lives. As a result, he will always make right decisions and prescribe the best treatment. The author’s empathetic nature will compliment this value to help him connect with the patients and show them that he cares about their best. At critical moments, faith and believe in God will always keep the author moving forward to offer the best services even when people have given hope. Believing that God calls and we are only there to respond requires faith and trust in Him, the institution has inculcated this value into the author’s life by bringing God closer to their classroom every time. Prayers before everything will, therefore, keep him strong in faith, thus, tackling whatever situation that prevails with confidence and trust in God.